IoT controllers are specialized devices or modules designed to manage and control the operation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. They serve as the core interface between sensors, actuators, and the cloud or local networks, enabling communication, data processing, and device control. Common Types of IoT Controllers:

• Microcontrollers

• Single-Board Computers (SBCs)

• Commercial IoT Gateways

Applications:

• Smart homes (lighting, security systems, HVAC)
• Industrial automation
• Healthcare monitoring
• Agricultural systems (e.g., irrigation control)
• Retail and supply chain tracking

IoT controllers are essential for bridging the physical and digital worlds, enabling smart and interconnected systems.